Category Legend
Coating Spec
Repair
Zinc Material
Design
Duplex
Test Method
Surface Prep
Environment
ASTM International
23 standards| Standard | Edition | Category | Full Title | Scope / Key Application | Book Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A123/A123M‑24⭐ Primary | 2024 | Coating Spec | Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products | Structural shapes, strip & bar, pipe & tube, wire, castings. Minimum coating thicknesses by material category & thickness. Bath composition ≥98% Zn. Repair limits. | Ch. 4Ch. 7Ch. 8Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 19–22App. A |
| ASTM A153/A153M‑23⭐ Primary | 2023 | Coating Spec | Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware | Hardware items (bolts, nuts, screws, washers, cast iron). 4-class coating system (A–D) based on product type. Centrifuged items. | Ch. 8Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| ASTM A780/A780M‑20⭐ Primary | 2020 | Repair | Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings | Three approved repair methods: zinc-alloy solder (Annex A1), zinc-dust paint (A2), thermal spray/metallizing (A3). Min 50.8 μm per application. | Ch. 8Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 11Ch. 23 |
| ASTM A143/A143M‑22 | 2022 | Design | Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement | Hydrogen embrittlement risk in high-strength steels (>150 ksi). Cold-working limits, heat treatment, testing procedures for embrittled product detection. | Ch. 9Ch. 10 |
| ASTM A384/A384M‑17(R2024) | 2024 | Design | Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies | Distortion prevention in welded assemblies. Symmetric design principles, stiffener placement, heating balance, venting guidance for complex fabrications. | Ch. 9Ch. 10 |
| ASTM A385/A385M‑17(R2023) | 2023 | Design | Practice for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip) | Steel selection guidance for galvanizing (Si, P thresholds), fabrication design rules, vent & drain holes, overlaps, surface condition requirements for quality outcomes. | Ch. 4Ch. 9 |
| ASTM A767/A767M‑19 | 2019 | Coating Spec | Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement | Galvanized reinforcing bars for concrete. Coating requirements, testing, chromate passivation treatment to prevent reaction with fresh cement. | Ch. 8Ch. 9 |
| ASTM A1094/A1094M | 2022 | Coating Spec | Specification for Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement | Continuously galvanized reinforcing bars. Referenced in ASTM A123/A123M-24. Inline galvanizing process requirements versus batch process. | Ch. 8 |
| ASTM A36 | Current | Zinc Material | Specification for Carbon Structural Steel | Most common structural steel. Chemical composition (C, Mn, P, S, Si) that affects galvanizing reactivity. Context for Sandelin / silicon-reactive steel discussions. | Ch. 4Ch. 9 |
| ASTM A563 | Current | Coating Spec | Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts | Nut specification with galvanizing accommodation. Overtapping allowances for galvanized nut/bolt assemblies to ensure fit after coating. | Ch. 9 |
| ASTM B6‑23⭐ Primary | 2023 | Zinc Material | Standard Specification for Zinc | Five zinc grades: LME (99.995%), SHG (99.990%), HG (99.95%), IG (99.5%), PWG (98.5%). Color-coded ingots. SHG is standard for HDG bath feed. Mandated by A123 clause 5.4. | Ch. 6Ch. 13Ch. 17Ch. 20Ch. 21 |
| ASTM B602 | 2023 | Zinc Material | Standard Guide for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings | Sampling plan for lot acceptance. Referenced by ASTM A123/A123M-24 clause 7.3. Defines sample size requirements for inspection lots. | Ch. 8Ch. 23 |
| ASTM B860 | 2020 | Zinc Material | Standard Specification for Zinc Alloy Master Alloys for Use in Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing | Al-Zn and Zn-Ni master alloy compositions for bath chemistry control. Used when fine-tuning reactive steel response and minimising dross formation. | Ch. 6Ch. 13 |
| ASTM B960 | Current | Zinc Material | Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled (PWG-R) Zinc | Secondary zinc for continuous galvanizing lines. Alternate permitted feed in A123/A123M-24. Not suitable for batch HDG of structural steel. | Ch. 6Ch. 13 |
| ASTM A90/A90M | Current | Test Method | Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings | Gravimetric (stripping) method for coating mass determination. Referenced in A153/A153M for hardware coating weight acceptance. | Ch. 8 |
| ASTM E376 | 2023 | Test Method | Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Examination Methods | Non-destructive thickness measurement using magnetic gauges (e.g., Elcometer). Calibration procedures, reference standards, measurement frequency. Primary field measurement tool. | Ch. 8Ch. 9Ch. 23 |
| ASTM D3359 | Current | Duplex | Standard Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test | Cross-hatch (Method B) and X-cut (Method A) tape adhesion tests for paint over galvanized steel. 0–5 adhesion rating scale used in duplex system acceptance. | Ch. 11 |
| ASTM D4541 | Current | Duplex | Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers | Quantitative adhesion measurement (MPa/psi) using portable hydraulic/pneumatic pull-off instruments. Used for duplex topcoat adhesion verification. | Ch. 11 |
| ASTM D6386‑22 | 2022 | Duplex | Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Painting | Surface preparation of HDG prior to liquid paint. Sweep blasting, brush-off blast, and chemical methods. Dwell time requirements. Referenced by A123/A123M-24 clause 6.4. | Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| ASTM D7803‑12 | 2012 | Duplex | Standard Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Powder Coating | Outgassing protocol: 30°C surface minimum, ~1 h hold. Sweep blasting to Sa 1–2. Prevents pinholes in powder topcoat over galvanized base. Referenced A123/A123M-24 clause 6.4. | Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| SSPC‑SP2 | Current | Surface Prep | Hand Tool Cleaning | Surface preparation by hand tools (wire brush, scraper). Referenced in ASTM A780/A780M-20 for repair area preparation before zinc-dust paint or solder repair. | Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| SSPC‑SP10 / NACE No.2 | Current | Surface Prep | Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning | Blast cleaning to near-white standard. Used in A780 repair procedures for metallizing and zinc-rich paint where maximum adhesion is required. | Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| SSPC‑SP11 | Current | Surface Prep | Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal | Power tool cleaning to bare metal profile. Referenced in A780/A780M-20 repair practice when blast is not available. Achieves 40 μm anchor profile minimum. | Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
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ISO International Standards
24 standards| Standard | Edition | Category | Full Title | Scope / Key Application | Book Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 1461:2022⭐ Primary | 2022 | Coating Spec | Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Fabricated Iron and Steel Articles — Specifications and Test Methods | International primary HDG standard. Coating thickness by steel thickness & article type. Renovation limits (0.5% surface, 10 cm² per spot, min 100 μm repair). Ultra-low-reactivity steel provision (Si ≤0.01% AND Al >0.035%). Supersedes ISO 1461:2009. | Ch. 4Ch. 7Ch. 8Ch. 9Ch. 10Ch. 11App. A |
| ISO 1460:2020 | 2020 | Test Method | Metallic Coatings — Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Ferrous Materials — Gravimetric Determination of Mass per Unit Area | Stripping and weighing method for coating mass (g/m²). Referenced in ISO 1461:2022 as alternate to magnetic gauge thickness testing. | Ch. 8 |
| ISO 14713‑1:2017 | 2017 | Design | Zinc Coatings — Guidelines and Recommendations for the Protection Against Corrosion of Iron and Steel in Structures — Part 1: General Principles of Design and Corrosion Resistance | Service life prediction by corrosivity category (C1–C5/CX). Corrosivity tables, zinc mass loss rates. Design guidance. Kleingarn curves for coating-thickness vs. service-life estimation. | Ch. 1Ch. 2Ch. 3Ch. 9Ch. 11 |
| ISO 14713‑2:2020 | 2020 | Design | Zinc Coatings — Guidelines and Recommendations — Part 2: Hot Dip Galvanizing | Process-specific design guidance: vent and drain holes, minimum dimensions, steel chemistry guidelines (Si, P), overlap joints, double-dip guidance, design for bath immersion. | Ch. 9Ch. 11Ch. 12 |
| EN ISO 10684 | 2004/AC:2009 | Coating Spec | Fasteners — Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings | Galvanized fastener specification. Coating thickness requirements, dimensional tolerances (overtapping), hydrogen embrittlement risk management for high-strength fasteners. | Ch. 8Ch. 9 |
| ISO 12944‑1:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 1: General Introduction | Scope and definitions for the entire ISO 12944 series. Defines "corrosivity category", "durability", "paint system". Framework for all paint/duplex specifications. | Ch. 3Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑2:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 2: Classification of Environments | Corrosivity category definitions: C1 (very low) through C5 (very high) and CX (extreme). Replaces obsolete C5-I/C5-M split. Guidance on category selection for project specification. | Ch. 3Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑4:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 4: Types of Surface and Surface Preparation | Preparation of galvanized surfaces for painting. Sweep blast profile, chemical cleaning, weathering, mechanical preparation descriptions and requirements. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑5:2019 | 2019 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 5: Protective Paint Systems | Paint system selection tables by corrosivity category and substrate (incl. galvanized steel). Annex D covers paint over zinc. The practitioner’s reference for duplex specification. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑6:2018 | 2018 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 6: Laboratory Performance Test Methods | Accelerated testing methods for paint system performance evaluation. Salt spray, condensation, cyclic tests. Used to qualify duplex systems before field deployment. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑7:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 7: Execution and Supervision of Paint Work | Supervision, documentation, and quality control during paint application over galvanized base. Atmospheric conditions, DFT measurement frequency, inspection hold points. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑8:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 8: Development of Specifications for New Work and Maintenance | Structuring corrosion protection specifications for new construction and maintenance contracts. Maintenance interval planning, inspection frequency, re-coating trigger criteria. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 12944‑9:2018 | 2018 | Duplex | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Part 9: Protective Paint Systems and Laboratory Performance Test Methods for Offshore and Related Structures | Extremely harsh environments: immersed zones, splash zones, atmosphere (offshore). Duplex systems for CX and Im4 (seawater immersion). Extended salt spray & cyclic test requirements. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 2063‑2:2017 | 2017 | Duplex | Thermal Spraying — Zinc, Aluminium and Their Alloys — Part 2: Execution of Corrosion Protection Systems | Thermal spray zinc/aluminium as repair or standalone coating. Referenced in ISO 1461:2022 and duplex renovation specifications. Wire/powder feed, surface prep, thickness, sealing. | Ch. 10Ch. 11 |
| ISO 2178:2016 | 2016 | Test Method | Non-Magnetic Coatings on Magnetic Substrates — Measurement of Coating Thickness — Magnetic Method | Magnetic pull-off and inductive methods for zinc coating thickness on steel. Calibration, reference standards, instrument use. Parallel to ASTM E376 for ISO-specified projects. | Ch. 8Ch. 10 |
| ISO 2409 | Current | Test Method | Paints and Varnishes — Cross-Cut Test | Cross-hatch adhesion test (0–5 scale) for paint over galvanized steel. Used in duplex system acceptance testing and topcoat adhesion qualification. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 4624 | Current | Test Method | Paints and Varnishes — Pull-Off Test for Adhesion | Quantitative adhesion testing using portable pull-off instruments. Minimum adhesion values for duplex systems. ISO equivalent of ASTM D4541. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 2808:2019 | 2019 | Test Method | Paints and Varnishes — Determination of Film Thickness | Dry film thickness (DFT) measurement methods for organic coatings including over galvanized surfaces. Used to verify topcoat thickness in duplex systems. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 1463 | Current | Test Method | Metallic and Oxide Coatings — Measurement of Coating Thickness — Microscopical Method | Cross-section microscopy for coating layer thickness measurement. Enables measurement of individual alloy layers (Gamma, Delta, Zeta, Eta). Used in metallurgical analysis and dispute resolution. | Ch. 7Ch. 8 |
| ISO 9227 | Current | Test Method | Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres — Salt Spray Tests | Neutral salt spray (NSS), acetic acid spray (AASS), and copper-accelerated (CASS) test methods. Used to evaluate comparative corrosion resistance of galvanized and duplex coatings. | Ch. 3Ch. 11 |
| ISO 16276‑2 | Current | Test Method | Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems — Assessment of, and Acceptance Criteria for, the Adhesion/Cohesion — Part 2: Cross-Cut Testing and X-Cut Testing | Adhesion testing for corrosion protection coatings on steel structures (incl. duplex). Acceptance criteria linked to corrosivity category and maintenance planning. | Ch. 11 |
| ISO 752 | Current | Zinc Material | Zinc Ingots | International zinc ingot purity grades. Referenced alongside ASTM B6 for zinc feed specification on ISO-standard projects. Used for bath composition compliance. | Ch. 6 |
| ISO 9224 | Current | Environment | Corrosion of Metals and Alloys — Corrosivity of Atmospheres — Guiding Values for the Corrosivity Categories | Guiding corrosion rate values for C1–CX categories. Annual corrosion rates for zinc in each category. Supports service-life estimates used in Ch. 2 and Ch. 3. | Ch. 2Ch. 3 |
| ISO 9001 | 2015 | Environment | Quality Management Systems — Requirements | General QMS framework. Referenced as the quality system foundation for galvanizing plant certification and QMS structure in Chapter 23. | Ch. 23 |
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European Standards (EN / DIN EN)
10 standards| Standard | Edition | Category | Full Title | Scope / Key Application | Book Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN 1179 | Current | Zinc Material | Zinc and Zinc Alloys — Primary Zinc | European specification for primary zinc purity grades. Referenced alongside ISO 752 for zinc bath feed on European-standard projects. | Ch. 6 |
| EN 13283 | Current | Zinc Material | Zinc and Zinc Alloys — Secondary Zinc | Secondary (recycled) zinc specification for European projects. Purity grades for use in galvanizing baths. Parallel to ASTM B960 for non-structural applications. | Ch. 6 |
| EN 10025 | Current | Design | Hot Rolled Products of Structural Steels | Structural steel grades (S235, S275, S355, S460). Chemical compositions including Si & P contents that affect galvanizing reactivity. Context for Sandelin effect discussions. | Ch. 4Ch. 9 |
| EN 10143 | Current | Coating Spec | Continuously Hot-Dip Coated Steel Sheet and Strip — Tolerances on Dimensions and Shape | Dimensional tolerances for continuously galvanized coil, sheet, and strip. Referenced in comparison with batch HDG product tolerances. | Ch. 3Ch. 8 |
| EN 10163‑3 | Current | Design | Delivery Requirements for Surface Condition of Hot-Rolled Steel Plates, Wide Flats and Sections — Part 3: Sections | Mill scale, pitting, and surface defect limits for structural sections prior to galvanizing. Informs acceptance criteria for incoming steel at galvanizing plants. | Ch. 5Ch. 9 |
| EN 10204 | Current | Test Method | Metallic Products — Types of Inspection Documents | Defines inspection document types: 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2. Mill test certificates (MTC) used to verify steel chemistry (Si, P, Al) for reactivity assessment and ISO 1461:2022 ultra-low-reactivity provision. | Ch. 4Ch. 9 |
| EN 10240 | Current | Coating Spec | Internal and/or External Protective Coatings for Steel Tubes — Specification for Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings Applied in Automatic Plants | Continuous-line galvanizing of steel tubes (internal and external). Thickness requirements, bath chemistry, and testing specific to tube products. | Ch. 8Ch. 13 |
| EN 10244‑2 | Current | Coating Spec | Steel Wire and Wire Products — Non-Ferrous Metallic Coatings on Steel Wire — Part 2: Zinc or Zinc Alloy Coatings | Zinc coating requirements for steel wire. Coating mass by wire diameter class. Referenced in wire and cable tray galvanizing specifications. | Ch. 8 |
| EN 10346 | Current | Coating Spec | Continuously Hot-Dip Coated Steel Flat Products for Cold Forming — Technical Delivery Conditions | Continuously galvanized sheet/coil for cold forming. Coating designations (Z, ZF, ZA, ZM). Comparison point with batch HDG coating mass and composition. | Ch. 3Ch. 8 |
| EN 13438 | Current | Duplex | Paints and Varnishes — Powder Organic Coatings for Galvanized or Sherardised Steel Products for Construction Purposes | Powder coating specification for duplex systems on galvanized structural steel. Adhesion, impact, flexibility requirements. Surface preparation, outgassing, acceptance criteria. | Ch. 11 |
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